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Maybe you could start with a minimal cell, like an amoeba, but what does that look like? How do you know? At what point can a combination of natural and synthetic components be considered a living cell? What parts do you need? How must they interact? Does your cell need to do something specific to be considered fully alive?

Loeb said in 1902 in McClure's magazine: "I wanted to take life in my hands and play with it, I wanted to handle it in my laboratory as I would any other chemical reaction - to start it, stop it, vary it, study it under every condition, to direct it at my will!'

The sponge, while a multicellular organism, is considered an aggregate of individual cells. Around 1900, American Henry van Peters Wilson showed that individual sponge cells can separate and reaggregate to make living sponges again. Generations of �������ϲ�appresearchers have asked how this occurs.